Strategic Spatial Planning Evaluation

Introduction Overview The proposed study is about establishing new spatial plans for urban areas. Establishing new urban territories is important as they affect the living environments of various stakeholders. Often, the planning team, which undertakes the re-structuring of a city, cannot interact with all stakeholders (people and organizations) in order to assess and incorporate their diverse interests in the planning process (Healey, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Strategic Spatial Planning Evaluation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, to develop plans that best meet the needs of all stakeholders, the project planners must involve and interact with stakeholders throughout the project planning process. The aim is to develop plans that reflect their interests and values, which may influence project performance. In the U.S. and many European countries such as the Netherlands, interactive planni ng is highly embraced in the initial stages of spatial planning (Tewdwr-Jones, 2003). It is believed that more interaction during the strategic planning process yields a high performance product. However, this assumption is not based on substantial empirical evidence as research on this area is scanty. Therefore, the impact of stakeholder interaction on product performance is less understood. The proposed research is an exploratory study that will investigate the relationships between stakeholder involvement during strategic spatial planning and performance of industrial area developments. It will explore the nature of the interactions between the planning team and various stakeholders. The study will be guided by the following research question: How does stakeholder (people and organizations) involvement during industrial areas planning influence the effectiveness of strategic spatial planning process? Statement of the Problem Strategic planning generally entails the identification of future actions in a regional or local urban area. A strategic plan takes into account the current and future conditions, which are based on predictions. Spatial planning structures should be flexible and long-term, and reflective of the changing environment as such structures consume high resources (Sartorio, 2005). Moreover, strategic spatial structures aim at improving the quality of life of the people. Thus, a strategic plan for urban development is essential for regional or local governments. As spatial development is influenced by many factors, it raises the question whether nowadays’ planning decisions are right based on the conditions of future spatial development. Regional and local development areas are increasingly becoming globalized and individuals now have more freedom of action. Moreover, there is little empirical evidence to support effective spatial planning. As a result, the effectiveness and appropriateness of spatial planning seem largely uncertain. One way of achieving effective spatial planning is through stakeholder involvement during the planning process. Objective prognosis of the future can be achieved when various institutional and social players are involved. Moreover, through stakeholder engagement, various scenarios can be analyzed, which could help make the future more certain.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Purpose The purpose of this project is to assess the impact of stakeholder involvement during spatial planning on product performance. This will form a sound basis for strategic spatial development in urban areas. To achieve this purpose, the study will examine different scenarios of stakeholder interaction and assess the degree to which the objectives of the projects were achieved. Strategic spatial planning is one way of improving urban planning and organization, and protecting existing ecosystems. How ever, there are claims of insufficient empirical evidence to support spatial planning objectives. It is anticipated that this project will provide empirical data that will inform stakeholders and policy makers on urban planning. Research Questions The main research question for this study is: Does stakeholder (people and organizations) involvement during industrial areas planning influence product performance? To answer this question, five minor research questions, which are related to the main research question, will be used. The supporting research questions include: What constitutes interactive planning in the urban planning process? What are the elements of an effective spatial planning process? How is the effectiveness and appropriateness of spatial planning measured? Does stakeholder interaction during spatial planning process influence product performance? Does an in-depth analysis of scenarios enhance the effectiveness of spatial planning? Based on the answers to these que stions, it will be possible to identify the factors that contribute to the effective spatial planning. It will also be possible to determine whether stakeholder involvement in project planning leads to improved performance. Significance of the Study The proposed research will investigate the effect of stakeholder interaction on the effectiveness of a spatial plan. It is anticipated that the study’s findings will have a positive impact on the policies and land use legislations of regional and national governments. The UN postulates that in the next three decades, much of the world’s population will be living in the cities (Clinton, Bottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormTop of FormC2001). The rapid population growth in urban areas is placing immense pressure on available facilities and resources leading to a rise in urban poverty. This has become a big challenge to urban planners due to poor spatial planning policies. Empirical evidence su ggests that proper urban planning policies are essential for creating effective urban states, promoting development and attaining MDGs (Sartorio, 2005). However, a framework for incorporating the views of the diverse stakeholders (people, social agencies and political players) is largely lacking in many countries. This study aims to identify the factors that influence spatial planning and to provide a framework for stakeholder interaction during the planning process.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Strategic Spatial Planning Evaluation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conceptual Framework From the literature review, spatial planning is an important tool for coping with the challenges of urban planning. Stakeholders (people and organizations) can be involved in the planning, evaluation and implementation phases of the urban spatial planning process. In the planning phase, the stakeholders would play a role in setting objectives and activities of the plans. During the evaluation and implementation phases, the stakeholders will participate in the choice of spatial plan options that best suit their interests. The conceptual framework is shown in figure 1 below. Summary of Methodology The proposed study is an exploratory research that examines the relationship between stakeholder engagement during spatial planning and product performance. Using a case study approach, the study will explore this relationship through an in-depth analysis of urban developments in the U.S. The case study approach will allow the researcher to assess the extent to which stakeholder interaction affect the performance of urban developments. This approach will give insights into the connection between interaction during planning and performance. It will yield in-depth knowledge on the impact of interaction on spatial planning. Figure 1: Conceptual Framework Limitations of the Study This research will measure the per formance of spatial planning based on the level of stakeholder engagement in the planning process. This approach may differ from the other approaches adopted in similar studies since there is no standard methodology for measuring performance.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, the findings may not entirely represent the dynamic relationships between performance and stakeholder involvement. Another potential limitation of this research relates to context. Often, the effectiveness of spatial planning depends on environmental factors that are specific to a particular site or case. Thus, context variable may limit the external validity of this study. Definition of Terms Strategy– Is defined as â€Å"the pattern or plan that integrates an organization’s major goals, policies and action sequences into a cohesive whole† (Clinton, Bottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormTop of FormC2001, p. 8). Stakeholders– â€Å"Are those groups without whose support the organization would cease to exist† (Callies, 2009, p. 91). Spatial planning– Is a modern approach for urban planning, which is regulated by regional and national governments of countries. Stakeholder interaction– refers to the degree of participation and influence of different stakeholders during the spatial planning process (Wilkinson et al., 2013). Research Design and Methodology Methodology The study is an exploratory study that aims to provide in-depth knowledge and analyses regarding the effectiveness of spatial planning in the United States. It uses the case study methodology to explore the relationships between stakeholder engagement and the effectiveness of a spatial plan. This approach is appropriate because it will satisfy contextual conditions associated with spatial planning studies. Faludi (2000) states that a case study approach is applicable in studies with the â€Å"how† or â€Å"why† research questions and involve events beyond the researcher’s control. Since the proposed study will involve cases in the U.S., experimental approaches may not be applicable as these exclude contextual issues. Therefore, in this research, multiple cases (5 research units) will be investig ated to generate in-depth knowledge regarding the relationship between effectiveness (spatial planning) and interaction (stakeholder). Thus, a representative sample of cases will be selected for this study. The researcher opted for a multiple case study instead of a single case study because of two reasons. First, multiple case studies can be generalized to similar settings or contexts (March, 2010). They argue that enhanced external validity does not mean more cases. Rather, adequate sampling that includes cases that are diverse can increase the external validity of a study’s findings. The second reason is to reduce researcher bias that may arise when the researcher selects a non-representative case for investigation. Multiple case studies also facilitate the comparison of similarities and differences among different cases, which helps strengthen the theoretical knowledge. Research Questions and Hypothesis As aforementioned, the main research question of this research is: Do es stakeholder (people and organizations) involvement during industrial areas planning influence product/process performance? Deriving from the main question are the minor research questions, which include: What constitutes interactive planning in the urban planning process? What are the elements of an effective spatial planning process? How is the effectiveness and appropriateness of spatial planning measured? Does stakeholder interaction during spatial planning process influence product performance? Do in-depth analyses of scenarios enhance the effectiveness of spatial planning? The study will test the null hypothesis that stakeholder involvement has no impact on the performance of urban industrial areas. The findings of the study will shape the hypothesis for the study. Research Procedures The criteria for conducting a case study research involve standard procedures for data collection and analysis. This research will adopt the case study approach to explore the relationship be tween interaction and performance/effectiveness of spatial plans. The criteria consist of several steps, which will be described in the subsequent sections. Step 1: Defining the Research Questions In the first step, the main research question is stated in general terms. This facilitates systematic data collection. In this research, the main research question and minor questions have been defined. Based on the data the minor research questions will generate, it will be possible to identify the relationship between interactions during the spatial planning process (question 1) and the performance of spatial plans (question 4). Step 2: Inclusion Criteria Identifying the relevant cases to include in the study sample is the second step. As stated above, the study will involve five cases (research units), which will be strategically selected to enhance internal and external validity of the study’s findings. Five industrial areas will be selected from the U.S. based on the following inclusion criteria. First, since the study focuses on the impact of interaction on spatial plans’ performance, the contextual conditions have to be the same. Thus, only cases in the U.S. will be selected. Second, only cases currently in the plan-making stage of spatial planning will be selected. At this stage, the zoning plan is being formulated, which implies that the level of stakeholder interaction is comparatively high. Thus, cases at this stage will have different levels of stakeholder involvement. Step 3: Developing Data Collection Instruments and procedures This step focuses on the data collection instruments and procedures. One advantage of using a case study approach is that it allows for triangulation of methods. Triangulation is a research technique that generates a single outcome based on multiple sources of data (March, 2010). Thus, multiple case studies enhance the accuracy of the research findings since they involve multiple sources of information. The proposed research will use two data collection methods: (1) interviews (semi-structured) and; (2) analysis of secondary sources/documents. The interviews will involve semi-structured questions, which include both open-ended and specific/closed questions. The open-ended questions will probe the participant’s responses to the specific questions. Various stakeholders will be interviewed in a two-part interview, three months apart. Besides interviews, documents will be used as sources of data. Examples of documents that will be analyzed include zoning plans (drafts), newsletters and project plans. The researcher will also analyze the information provided in the municipalities’ websites and other city council databases. The researcher will use the data collected from these sources to describe the spatial characteristics and the effect of interaction on the performance of U.S. urban industrial areas. Step 4: Field Data Collection Albrechts (2004) states that, when analyzing spatial plans, the processes of data collection and data analysis should occur simultaneously. In this step, the researcher will collect data (respondents’ answers) during the interviews. Emerging issues or questions in the first interview will be probed further in the second interview. The data collected will be presented in tables to illustrate the underlying relationships. Step 5: Data Analysis In this step, data analysis for each case will take place. In this study, the five cases will be analyzed individually to determine if and whether there is a relationship between interaction and performance. The spatial characteristics of each case will be outlined based on the data obtained from zoning plans and project plans. Data analysis will also encompass the description of the main stakeholders for each case as well as their level of interaction. The findings from the first and second analysis will be further analyzed to determine the correlation between performance and interaction ( Mastop Faludi, 1997). The stakeholders participate in the spatial planning process and thus, are well-positioned to assess the process. The analysis will rely on the data collected from the stakeholders through the interviews. The interpretation of the findings will indicate the dynamic and static relationships between the two variables (performance and planning). Step 6: Cross-case Analysis After analyzing each case individually, the researcher will compare the different cases to identify the underlying relationships. In this step, the analysis will focus on the nature of the relationship (dynamic or static) between stakeholder participation and performance, the contextual factors in each case and the specific strategic planning factors in each case. Step 7: Hypothesis Testing Based on the findings of within-case and cross-case analyses, the hypothesis proposed above will be tested. These analyses will reveal the patterns and relationships between the variables (interaction and pe rformance). The emergent concepts and themes will be compared with literature to identify similarities or departures from similar studies. This will also contribute to the growth of knowledge on this topic. References Albrechts, L. (2004). Strategic (spatial) planning reexamined. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 31(1), 743-758. Callies, D. (2009). Casenote legal briefs: Keyed to courses using Callies, Freilich, and Roberts’s land use. New York: Aspen Publishers. Clinton, H. (Bottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormBottom of FormTop of FormC2001). Integrating geology in urban planning: Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Sri Lanka, Thailand, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Viet Nam. New York: United Nations. Faludi, A. (2000). The performance of spatial planning, Planning Practice Research, 15(4), 299-318. Healey, P. (2003). Collaborative planning in perspective. Planning Theory, 2(2), 101-123 . March, A. (2010). Practising theory: When theory affects urban planning. Planning Theory, 9(2), 108-125. Mastop, H., Faludi, A. (1997). Evaluation of strategic plans: The performance principle. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 24(1), 815–832. Sartorio, S. (2005). Strategic spatial planning. DisP, 163(3), 26-40. Tewdwr-Jones, M. (2003). Creating and shaping places with purpose, vision and pride. International Planning Studies, 8(1), 3-8. Wilkinson, C., Saarne, D., Peterson, G., Colding, J. (2013). Strategic spatial planning and the ecosystem services concept -An historical exploration. Ecology and Society, 18(1), 37-38. This proposal on Strategic Spatial Planning Evaluation was written and submitted by user Charlie Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Relative Clauses - Definition and Examples in English

Relative Clauses s in English A relative clause is a  clause that usually modifies a noun or noun phrase and is introduced by a relative pronoun (which, that, who, whom, whose), a relative adverb (where, when, why), or a zero relative. Also known as an adjective clause, an adjectival clause, and a  relative construction. A relative clause is a postmodifierthat is, it follows the noun or noun phrase it modifies. Relative clauses are traditionally divided into two types: restrictive and nonrestrictive. See Examples and Observations below. RelativizationContact ClauseDependent ClauseFree (Nominal) Relative ClauseRelative Pronouns and Adjective ClausesRestrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective ClausesSentence Building With Adjective ClausesSubordination With Adjective ClausesThat-ClauseWh-ClauseWho, Which, and ThatWho and WhomWh- Words Examples and Observations It is not the employer who pays the wages. Employers only handle the money. It is the customer who pays the wages.100% of the people who give 110% do not understand math.More than 840,000 Vietnamese asylum seekers left the Communist regime and arrived in the countries of Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. These people, who came to be known as the boat people, risked their lives at sea in search for freedom.She had plenty of acquaintances, but no friends. Very few people whom she met were significant to her. They seemed part of a herd, undistinguished.Occasionally Mother, whom we seldom saw in the house, had us meet her at Louies. It was a long dark tavern at the end of the bridge near our school.The fatal metaphor of progress, which means leaving things behind us, has utterly obscured the real idea of growth, which means leaving things inside us.Peace is not merely a distant goal that we seek, but a means by which we arrive at that goal. Positioning Relative ClausesUnlike prepositional phrases, restrictive relative clauses . . . always modify noun phrases. However, a relative clause doesnt always immediately follow the noun phrase that it modifies. For example, if two relative clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, or, or but), then the second one doesnt immediately follow the noun phrase that it modifies: This article describes features that facilitate collaboration but that are not intended to increase security. Anaphoric Elements in Relative ClausesRelative clauses are so called because they are related by their form to an antecedent. They contain within their structure an anaphoric element whose interpretation is determined by the antecedent. This anaphoric element may be overt or covert. In the overt case the relative clause is marked by the presence of one of the relative words who, whom, whose, which, etc., as or within the initial constituent: clauses of this type we call wh relatives. In non-wh relatives the anaphoric element is covert, a gap; this class is then subdivided into that relatives and bare relatives depending on the presence or absence of that. Sentence Relative ClausesSentence relative clauses refer back to the whole clause or sentence, not just to one noun. They always go at the end of the clause or sentence.Tina admires the Prime Minister, which surprises me. ( and this surprises me)He never admits his mistakes, which is extremely annoying. ( and this is extremely annoying) Sources Henry Ford Demtri  Martin,  This Is a Book. Grand Central, 2011 Tai Van Nguyen,  The Storm of Our Lives: A Vietnamese Familys Boat Journey to Freedom. McFarland, 2009 D.H. Lawrence,  The Rainbow, 1915 Maya Angelou,  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969 G.K. Chesterton, The Romance of Rhyme, 1920 Martin Luther King, Jr. John R. Kohl,  The Global English Style Guide: Writing Clear, Translatable Documentation for a Global Market. SAS Institute, 2008 Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey Pullum,  The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge University Press, 2002 Geoffrey Leech, Benita Cruickshank, and Roz Ivanic,  An A-Z of English Grammar Usage, 2nd ed. Pearson, 2001

Forced, Reluctant, and Voluntary Migration

Forced, Reluctant, and Voluntary Migration Human migration is the permanent or semi-permanent relocation of people from one location to another. This movement may occur domestically or internationally and can affect economic structures, population densities, culture, and politics. People either are made to move involuntarily (forced), are put in situations that encourage relocation (reluctant), or choose to migrate (voluntary). Forced Migration Forced migration is a negative form of migration, often the result of persecution, development, or exploitation. The largest and most devastating forced migration in human history was the African slave trade, which carried 12 to 30 million Africans from their homes and transported them to various parts of North America, Latin America, and the Middle East. Those Africans were taken against their will and forced to relocate. The Trail of Tears is another pernicious example of forced migration. Following the Indian Removal Act of 1830, tens of thousands of Native Americans living in the Southeast were forced to migrate to parts of contemporary Oklahoma (Land of the Red People in Choctaw). Tribes traversed up to nine states on foot, with many dying along the way. Forced migration is not always violent. One of the largest involuntary migrations in history was caused by development. The construction of Chinas Three Gorges Dam displaced nearly 1.5 million people and put 13 cities, 140 towns, and 1,350 villages underwater. Although new housing was provided for those forced to move, many people were not compensated fairly. Some of the newly designated areas were also less ideal geographically, not foundationally secure, or lacked agriculturally productive soil. Reluctant Migration Reluctant migration is a form of migration in which individuals are not forced to move, but do so because of an unfavorable situation at their current location. The large wave of Cubans who legally and illegally immigrated to the United States following the 1959 Cuban revolution is considered a form of reluctant migration. Fearing a communist government and leader Fidel Castro, many Cubans sought asylum overseas. With the exception of Castros political opponents, most of the Cuban exiles were not forced to leave but decided it was in their best interest to do so. As of the 2010 census, over 1.7 million Cubans resided in the United States, with the majority living in Florida and New Jersey. Another form of reluctant migration involved the internal relocation of many Louisiana residents following  Hurricane Katrina. After the calamity caused by the hurricane, many people decided to either move farther from the coast or out of state. With their homes destroyed, the states economy in ruin, and sea levels continuing to rise, they reluctantly left. At the local level, a change in ethnic or socioeconomic conditions usually brought on by invasion-succession or gentrification can also cause individuals to reluctantly relocate. A white neighborhood that has turned predominately black or a poor neighborhood turned gentrified can have a personal, social, and economic impact on longtime residents. Voluntary Migration Voluntary migration is migration based on ones free will and initiative. People move for a variety of reasons, and it involves weighing options and choices. Individuals who are interested in moving often analyze the push and pull factors of two locations before making their decision. The strongest factors influencing people to voluntarily move are the desire to live in a better home and employment opportunities. Other factors contributing to voluntary migration include: Change in lifes course (getting married, empty-nest, retirement)Politics (from a conservative state to one that recognizes gay marriage, for example)Individual personality (suburban life to city life) Americans on the Move With their intricate transportation infrastructure and high per-capita income, Americans have become some of the most mobile people on earth. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2010 37.5 million people (or 12.5 percent of the population) changed residences. Of those, 69.3 percent stayed within the same county, 16.7 percent moved to a different county in the same state, and 11.5 percent moved to a different state. Unlike many underdeveloped countries where a family might live in the same home their entire lives, it is not uncommon for Americans to move multiple times within their life. Parents might choose to relocate to a better school district or neighborhood following the birth of a child. Many teenagers choose to leave for college in another area. Recent graduates go where their career is. Marriage might lead to the purchase of a new home, and retirement may take the couple elsewhere, yet again. When it comes to mobility by region, people in the Northeast were the least likely to move, with a move rate of just 8.3 percent in 2010. The Midwest had a move rate of 11.8 percent, the South- 13.6 percent, and the West - 14.7 percent. Principal cities within metropolitan areas experienced a population drop of 2.3 million people, while the suburbs experienced a net increase of 2.5 million. Young adults in their 20s are the most likely age group to move, while African Americans are the most likely race to move in America.

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Personal Statement - Essay Example I have established my set goals which are far greater than the established work. Construction Management for me is the study and practice of general management skills and the technological aspects pertaining to the construction industry. Imbibed into this construction management is my determination for management of design and management of the construction project which are designed within set parameters. A construction company owned by my father has enabled me to learn and face everyday challenges. My prà ©cis of construction management is that the study of how projects are conceived, designed and built, the types of materials, the methods utilized, the techniques that estimate the cost of construction, construction accounting, safety requirements, project planning and project management. My studies in construction management would facilitate an increase in knowledge and combine proficiency to organize and manage activities and to develop my technical skills. Such skills I can utilize in schedule activities and resources in construction and to enhance the industrial learning environment. Further construction management will develop my skills in leadership and teambuilding. My pattern would be to utilize the twin environment wherein my approach to the acquisition of knowledge, skill and competence will result from a highly sophisticated level of adopted strategies. My combination involves academic study combined with industrial application which would lead to a shared vision being achieved and thus creating a cutting edge in construction management. My father’s construction company has empowered within me the progressive construction environment and the dynamics which are required to co-ordinate a range of technical skills. Further project work, presentations, role play, case studies and reports will be an added advantage for my skills and aptitude. I grew up looking at my role model-my father and

Mortgage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mortgage - Essay Example If the lender brings a court action for possession of property, which consists of or includes a dwelling house, the mortgagor could obtain longer to repay by asking the Court to delay possession. The court has both an inherent and a statutory jurisdiction to delay possession. Using its inherent jurisdiction. In Birmingham permanent building society v Caunt the court grant a 28 days short delay to enable the Borrower to repay in full the sums owing. In Abbey National Building Society v Cann2 An aunt acquired rights in property owned by her nephew, through her rights under the 'right to buy' legislation. She was on holiday on the actual date of moving. However, her belongings were moved by removal men. The actual move started some 35 minutes before completion and some of her furniture was moved into the premises. The court decided that this was insufficient for her to claim that she was in actual occupation. In Lloyds Bank v Rosset3 a husband and wife, recently married, decided to purchase a semi-derelict property. They could not move in until a certain amount of renovation work had been done and much of it was supervised the wife. The work was still in progress after the transfer but the issue was whether the wife could be in actual occupation when she was not in permanent occupation. She had spent a considerable amount of time at the property but could not be said to be in permanent occupation. The builders were working at the premises permanently. Although the court accepted that it was not necessary for the wife to be living there, it drew a distinction between intending to move in and actually living in the premises. The builders were held not to be in actual occupation on behalf of Mrs. Rosset. In Chhokar v Chhokar4 a married couple split up. The wife remained in the property but had to leave when she had to go to hospital to have a baby. It was held that this did not constitute a break in actual occupation. The case suggests that brief absences will not interfere with actual occupation of land. So in order to get right of possession in case of actual occupation must be proved. b) The mortgagee has a right to sell the property without; a court order once the Conditions in SS. 101 and 103 Law of property Act 1925 are fulfilled. Discuss the Sections briefly and co-relate with the given set of facts. For a long time, it has been established that the mortgagee need not wait until the Market is favorable before exercising the power of sale (Warner Vs Jacob). Indeed, Provided the power to sale is exercisable, the mortgagee cold sell the property at the least advantageous time for the mortgagor (Duke v Robson). In the aftermath of Cuckmere, it was thought to be arguable, that it might be the case that the mortgage should exercise reasonable care as to when the property is out onto the market. This Argument was rejected, however, in China and south sea bank Ltd Vs Tan soon Gin, Where the privy council held that a mortgagee could not be liable for failing to Exercise its power of sale when market conditions were ore favorable than they Subsequently became, as the timing of the sale was a matter entirely for the Mortgagee. This has recently been confirmed in Silven properties Ltd Vs Royal Bank of

Universal Motives Essay Example for Free

Universal Motives Essay What are universal motives? What are some examples of universal motives?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the aspect of psychology, scientist study and determine the behavioral characteristics of each individual based on their personal motives and interest On this aspect, human person basically react, decide, or simply act towards the achievements of their motives and interest. Thus, ensuring the achievement or the satisfaction of these factors can significantly motivate or encourage a person towards a certain reaction or behavioral conditioning. Because of which, the factor of motives and interest become an important factor in the determination of the behavioral pattern and characteristics of each individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the field of behavioral pattern and psychological characteristic, several factors are considered to be of universal nature as the general society display similar interest towards the achievement or satisfaction of these certain factors. Due to which, the scientific society established these factors to be universal motives as they are rooted in the innate needs and characteristics of the human behavior in general. Included in this category are the motives for food or survival, job for biosocial function, sex for reproduction and physiological pleasure, friends or family for social acceptance, bodily comfort, health, specific fears, and others. These motives are commonly shared by the universal human population or certain social regions thus, becoming a similar factor in the field of human behavior. The manifestation and development of these universal motives in each individual likewise become a unique characteristic based on the origin of these influences such as environmental factors, social inheritance, biological structures, and others. In general, these motivational factors are commonly shared by the human population giving them their universal characteristics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The satisfaction of these universal motives are generally important in the behavioral modification and conditioning in the social perspective as these factors serves as the common interest of the people. Likewise, the achievement of these universal motives are essential as they are based on the basic needs of each individual in the physiological and biological nature thus, important for their welfare and survival. As such, considering these factors is important in understanding the human behavioral characteristics and patterns in both the individual and social perspective. Bibliography Gorman, Philip (2004). Motivation and Emotion. Routledge Publication. ISBN-10: 0415227704.

The Governments and States of Locke, Aquinas, and St. Augustine Essay e

In John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government, he identifies a government that is of the peoples consent with his essential raison d΄Ãƒ ªtre being the preservation and protection of personal property. This type of government is extremely comparable with the type of government that St. Augustine describes in his work City of God, while at the same time contrasts the views of Aquinas in the ways a state should operate. The end goal of how each of these philosophers’ states purposes presents the greatest split between each of their philosophies. To understand how each of these philosophers’ states are similar and different from each other, a deeper analysis is necessary. The first and possibly most striking similarity between the states that both Locke and St. Augustine propose lies in the fact that both see the state as a necessary evil. Locke describes the perfect life as one in the â€Å"state of nature†, where there are limitless boundaries to freedom. Within these limitless boundaries to do whatever you want lays the ability for others to do harm to you and your property, because they have complete freedom as well. In order to overcome this lack of security, Locke describes the state as a necessary evil which one must give up certain freedoms in order to be protected under the rule of law. This is similar to St. Augustine in the respect that within the world there are evil men who will do harm to others. Augustine argues that laws are necessary to make sure that people can live with the peace of mind that they are protected from the sins of others. One of the contrasting points the states of Aquinas and Locke possess is rooted in how each state should set up and decide their laws. Aquinas argues that we should set up our laws based on high morals, which all men could agree on, and on the high ideals of natural law. Locke disagrees with this in the respect that all men are Tabula Rasa, which begin life as blank slates and develop their views and ideas based on the experiences they are exposed to. According to Locke the men in the state of Aquinas would all have different experiences and place importance on different morals and ideals. Therefore, Locke argues that in order to have a legitimate set of laws, they must be based on very solid foundations which cannot be subject to argument. Such foundations would be the protection of property, as well as the ... ...ant to be told that there is only one version of right and wrong, which is exactly what the opposing state proposes. Examples of the type of state that Aquinas and St. Augustine present can be seen in some of the failed regimes of the past century. Prime examples of states that attempted to strive for the better good of its people, and failed, can be seen in both Nazi Germany and communist Russia. These states attempted to take each individual and force them into an ideal â€Å"mold† of what they wanted their citizens to become. Even though these societies succeeded for some amount of time, both have since collapsed and states in the Lockean from have arose out of their ashes. As aforementioned, both of the types of states presented have strong and weak points to ponder on. Both have rose to power at one point in time or another, although the Lockean state has remained where others have fallen. Overall, an argument can be made that in our modern world with globalization and a never ending mixing of cultures; the only way for a state to succeed is to put ideological ideals behind and look to protect the greater good by looking out for the â€Å"peace, safety, and public good of its people.†

Raising College Tuition Essay

1. Working in A Writer’s Resource, Ch 2 a.How to approach assignments? Reading your assignment carefully and making sure you under what the assignment is asking of you. Write down things you would say, and give some examples. Think about whom you are writing to or about and how you would say it. b.The suggested â€Å"Activities for Exploring Ideas†. Start writing whatever comes to mind. You can start by jotting down your ideas and don’t worry about the spelling and punctuations. Give yourself a couple of minutes and stop. Pick out important ideas to start with. Explore your ideas in your own language. Keep notes and annotations, along with keeping a journal with you all the time. Jot down notes on daily matters just in case you may want to use it. c.The suggested steps in developing a working thesis. It should make a special statement on your topic. You should be able to explore with different ideas. 2. Working in Patters, Ch 2 read and briefly summarizes the importance of: a.Invention or prewriting- What int erests you, and developing ideas for your essay? Write down important words and highlight them. b.Understanding the assignment- The important thing to remember is to make sure you understand the assignment. Read the assignment twice, and if you have any questions, ask your instructor. Underline the key words. What is this assignment asking you, a question or to read aloud. c.Setting limits such as length, purpose, audience, occasion, and knowledge. When you understanding the assignment, set a limit on how long should it be, where’s it going, how to say and to whom you saying it to. Are you reading it to your class or a group? Determine how much or little information to give them. Did you take time to do any research? 3. Continuing in Patterns, Ch. 2, complete the following exercises: a. Exercise 2. Make a list of different audiences to whom you speak or write in your daily life. Then record your answer to the following questions: I spent my daily life with co-workers, customers, and my family. 1.Do you speak or write to each person in the same way and about the same things? If not, how do your approaches to these people differ? I speak to my coworkers with friendly smiles and talk about how their weekend was. With my customers, you greet them with a smile, seeing if they need help in finding items. 2. List some subjects that would interest some of these people but not others. How do you account for these differences? The subjects that I would talk about with my co-workers and customers are very different from the conversation I would have with my family and friends. With family and friends we talk about our kids and school. And with co-workers and customers I talk about work, house ware, bedding, fashions, women’s and men’s wear. 3.Choose one of the following subjects, and describe how you would speak or write to different audiences about it. Taking a year off before college-   I actually took off thirty-nine years before I went by to college. Speaking from experience I find it very hard in going back to school. Writing would probably be a lot easier, because after you wrote down everything you wanted to talk about you can just read it to your audiences. Speaking is different. Because, you can go on in telling your story and you will know you got the attention of your audience. b. Exercise 3 Indicate whether each of the following is a general subject or a specific topic that is narrow enough for a short essay. 1.An argument against fast-food ads that are aimed at young children (specific topic) 2.Home schooling (general subject) 3.Cell phones and driving (general subject) 4.Changes in U.S immigration laws (specific topic) 5.Requiring college students to study a foreign language (specific topic) 6.The advantages of funding health care for children of undocumented workers (specific topic) 7.A comparison of small-town and big-city living (specific topic) 8.Student loans (general subject) 9.The advantages of service-learning courses (general subject) 10.The need for totally electric cars (specific topic) Exercise 8 Assess the strengths and weaknesses of the following as thesis statements. 1.My instructor has an attendance policy. Having an attendance policy is for the benefit of all students. Walking into the class room late is very rude. I find it very annoying and I would feel embarrass because it interrupts the instructor from teaching. Not only from teaching but what about when you’re going to work. Would your boss accept you being late? Those policies are there for a reason, to expect the responsibility of being an adult. 2.My instructor should change her attendance policy because it is bad. Changing the policy because it is bad, only points out that the person is not willing to take on the responsibility of being there on time. Plan ahead and schedule yourself plenty of time for class. 3.My instructor should change her attendance policy because it is unreasonable, inflexible, and unfair. Not taking this seriously only shows their weakness. 4.For many people, a community college makes more sense than a four-year college or university. Going into community college right after high school is best for you. This way you would have two-years of pre-preparing yourself for a four-year college or university. This statement is too weak to continue. 5.Some children show violent behavior. The word children have a lot of history to go by. You can do a lot of research on this and you would not find any results in the behavior of children’s. 6.Violence is a problem in our society. We will always have the protection from our government, and families. But then that’s not enough. There will always be someone out there to hurt someone. This statement can go on forever and will never get to the end. 7.Conflict-resolution courses should be taught to help prevent violence in America’s schools. There will always be education and precaution to protect our children’s in schools. Violence is so close to home now, that if you walk down the street and look at someone you’ll get hurt for just looking. 8.Social networking sites such as Facebook can cause problems. I don’t know that much about Facebook, and I hear a lot of stories about this network being use by a lot young kids. I can see the problems that can happen when things get posted. 9.F acebook attracts many college students. This statement shows weakness, it’s not going in any kind of direction. Example, we all know that many high school and college students use Facebook. 10.College students should be careful of what material they put on their Facebook pages because prospective employers routinely check them. There is that possibility of employers checking the networks, because that is there job to protect any viruses that could infect their programs. Those programs are valuable to their work. This is a very strong thesis statement and has no sign of weakness. Continuing in Patterns, Ch 2, develop an argumentative thesis by completing the following steps: a.Choose and record one general subject of interest to write about. The general subject should lead to a strong claim that has counter-claims. #12 raising college tuition (general subject) b.Use the probing questions on p. 34 to move from a general subject to a specific topic to argue. Record your specific topic or focus. More students than ever are attempting to get a college degree. (Specific topic) c.Using free write The cost of college has gotten higher every year. This has put parents to borrow from banks with outages loan. The cost of education for college student has gone way beyond it’s means. A lot has to do with inflation, the cost of living, job security. The interest rate is higher on every and financial aide program by the government. We need to have good teacher, which cost money, plus needs to meet the budget. d.Cluster or informal outline;

Developmental Delays and Trauma Essay

Developmental delays is when your child does not reach their developmental milestones at the projected times. It is an ongoing major or minor delay in the course of development. Developmental delays can have many different causes. There are many types of Developmental delays in children; they include problems with language or speech, vision, movement (motor skills), social, emotional and cognitive skills (van der Kolk, 1995). Developmental delays are easily distinguished if you pay close attention to the development and milestone periods contained by children; for example if you notice a child having a low attention span, they can’t stay still, they’re highly active and energetic all the time, that’s perhaps due to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, known as ADHD. There are so many different things that can cause developmental delays and children aren’t always born with developmental delays. Although, developmental delays can be genetic or born with , there are times when trauma at different ages can cause developmental delays such as a child being abused and suffering brain trauma, concussion, which could cause memory lost. Or there could be an accident and a child or adult undergo serious injuries to the spine, eyes, etc. Spinal injuries can be of damage to you motor skills. Spinal injuries or brain injuries if serious can lead to you basically having to start over as if you were a baby learning to walk, read, jump, or talk. The Shaken baby syndrome also can be a trauma that can cause brain injuries. There are numerous of things that have major components to play in developmental delays. Trauma definitely plays a one of those major parts in developmental delays. There are a number of Trauma’s that can cause development delays. It doesn’t always have to be abuse or accidents. Trauma can be caused by divorce, neglect, bullying, sports injuries, or even bad relationship breaks up. These types of trauma are called psychological trauma. Psychological  traumas effects are mostly emotional and it isn’t always permanent. Psychological trauma causes anger, irritability; mood swings, guilt, hopeless, anxiety, withdrawing, and disconnected to name a few. For divorce, Feldman says (2011) ch ildren and adults may experience depression, and disturbances and phobias and these things last from 6 months up until 2 years. Feldman states children whose parents are divorcing blames themselves for the breakup. He also states, evidence shows that twice as many children of divorced parents enter psychological counseling (Feldman, 2011). Children under the age 18 suffer 40% more anxiety as a result of divorce (van der Kolk, 1995). About 10-15 percent of students are bullied one time or the other (Feldman, 2011) and almost 85% of girls and 80% of boys are being bullied (Feldman, 2011). Those who are bullied lack social skills, cry easy (Feldman, 2011), and they experience depression, stress, anger, etc. Prayer and meditation help brain activity. Mediation to the mind is like an aerobic exercise to the body. Studies have also shown that meditation promotes mindfulness, decreased stress, insomnia, illnesses, depression, anxiety and panic. Spiritual connection brings comfort and healing to trauma. Researchers are learning the parts of the brain that are responsible for the spiritual thoughts, prayer and meditation. In one of our presentations his week, Dr. Jeanne Brooks stated that we have a spir itual part in our brain (2014). There are good and bad parts to everyone, I believe the good part is the spiritual part in everyone. For example, we’ve all seen cartoons in which there was a devil on one shoulder and an angel on the other. The shoulder with the angel is the part of us, the part of our brain or conscious that’s spiritual. References Brooks, Jeanne Dr. â€Å"Divorce and Stress† video presentation. LUO (2014) Feldman, R.S. (2014). Development across the Life Span (7th edition) Namka,, L. (2001). Children who are traumatized by bullying. alk, Trust and Feel Therapeutics., p. 18. Van Der Kolk, an der Kolk, B. (1995). developmental trauma disorder : Towards a rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories.

Yeast Fermentation essays

Yeast Fermentation essays Effects of Various Carbohydrate Substrates on Yeast Fermentation This experiment was performed to determine which carbohydrate substrates positively influence yeast fermentation since yeast seems to have greater ability to utilize certain carbohydrates. Rate of evolution of carbon dioxide was measured by the amount of carbon dioxide produced over time. We compared the reaction rates in samples with varying carbohydrate substrates at a constant temperature of 35 degrees C. The most efficient carbohydrates, with respect to time and energy, were the ones best suited for the yeasts enzyme-based transport system (Vilet, 1993), which allows entry into the yeast cell and entry into the glycolytic pathway. Those carbohydrates best suited for the enzyme-transport system had the highest carbon dioxide levels and the greatest reaction rates. For millennia, humans have used the alcoholic fermentation capability of yeast to produce breads, crackers and a variety of fermented beverages including beer and wine. Yeast are versatile unicellular fungi. They grow rapidly and have simple nutritional requirements. When yeast degrade nutrients in the absence of oxygen they use the process of glycolysis to produce energy in the form of ATP (Klocker, 1901). In this process, known as yeast fermentation, there are 2 ATP molecules produced for each glucose molecule fermented. The products from one glucose molecule are two molecules of ethanol and two molecules of carbon dioxide (Jorgensen, 1911). A rapid reaction rate and increase in the products released depend on the carbohydrates compatibility with the yeasts enzyme-based transport systems. This transport system, associated with the cell membrane, allows yeast to bring selected carbohydrates into their cells. In this experiment we tested the effect of several carbohydrate substrates on yeast fermentation. Our foc ...

Annexation of the Philippines

Annexation of the Philippines It is a controversial question, but I believe that it was a necessary and wise decision because it freed the Filipinos from the devastating Spanish force. It also benefited to the United States because they opened trade ports for various goods and services and broadened business interests. It also served as a fueling and repair station for U. S. naval vessels and ships. It also contributed to their imperialism, because if they annexed hadnt the Philippines, the countries of Japan, France would have possible seized the islands. Expansionism helps the United States grow as a country, and expansion into the Philippines would grant more power to the United States as a world leader. It was argued that after rescue from Spanish rule, USA could not simply leave the Philippines out in the cold to ultimately fail without assistance from a superior civilization. Another reason the United States should annex the Philippines is that with the Philippines the U. S. would have great natural benefits. Not only will there be many natural resources, but also the Philippines geographic location will benefit the U. S. in future warfare and trading. The Philippines would provide new markets and cheap labor, which would help the U. S. s overall economy. But annexing wont just help the U. S. The people of the Philippines would also benefit. The U. S. would establish a democratic society. People would work for wages and the economy would rise. U. S. inventions would be introduced to improve living conditions, such as, plumbing, electricity, and better structured homes. Some of the people of the Philippines may think that this process would be taking advantage of them, but they dont realize that both countries would benefit with the annexation of the Philippines.

Market Model Patterns of Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Market Model Patterns of Change - Research Paper Example The business expansion that has characterized many companies in the industry has led the expansion in the size of large companies and eventual attainment of a competitive advantage over smaller companies. Currently, the industry is experiencing enormous changes as a result of changing customer needs, emerging markets, and entrance of new competitors, technological advancement, and the strict environment regulations due to substance emissions (Blum, 2009). The changes have affected the demand, value chains and markets that characterize the industry. This has led to the transformation of the market into a more mobile model that is more competitive. The industry players and the new entrants have been forced to apply new competitive strategies that will enable sustainable success in the competitive industry. Pattern of Change Both the emerging and mature markets in the automobile industry are characterized by risk and opportunities. The global automobile industries have engaged in price wars crating frequent capacity overlap and rivalry. Therefore, the oligopolistic market model has been transformed into a competitive model. The competitive pattern of change is evident in its production, international trade changes, and supply chain and pricing. ... However, the lowering of the trade barriers and advancements in globalization has changed the tradition whereby the production location decisions are influenced by the international competitiveness. The international competitiveness is a product of the level of different tasks within the industry due to the vertical disintegration of global production. This is a change from the traditional business norms whereby the global competitiveness was determined by the level of the industry. Variation in Production Table 1: Top 20 Motor Vehicle Producing Countries   China 18,418,876 United States 8,653,560   Japan 8,398,654   Germany 6,311,318   South Korea 4,657,094   India 3,936,448   Brazil 3,406,150   Mexico 2,680,037   Spain 2,353,682   France 2,294,889   Canada 2,134,893   Russia 1,988,036   Ã‚  Iran 1,648,505   Thailand 1,478,460   UK 1,463,999   Czech Republic 1,199,834 Turkey 1,189,131   Indonesia 837,948 Poland 837,132 Argentina 828,771   Italy 790, 348 Source: http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/ Table 2: Annual Change in Production in Automobile Industry Year Production Change 1997 54,434,000    1998 52,987,000 -2.7% 1999 56,258,892 6.2% 2000 58,374,162 3.8% 2001 56,304,925 -3.5% 2002 58,994,318 4.8% 2003 60,663,225 2.8% 2004 64,496,220 6.3% 2005 66,482,439 3.1% 2006 69,222,975 4.1% 2007 73,266,061 5.8% 2008 70,520,493 -3.7% 2009 61,791,868 -12.4% 2010 77,857,705 26.0% Source: http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/1999-statistics/ International Trade The international trade is characterized by the dominance from a small number of companies. However, the industry faces segmentation that has made it more regional than global. The industry is also characterized by cost pressures, overcapacity and low profitability